SELECT 
  cscart_images.*, 
  cscart_images_links.*, 
  cscart_common_descriptions.description AS alt, 
  cscart_images.image_id AS images_image_id 
FROM 
  cscart_images_links 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_images ON cscart_images_links.detailed_id = cscart_images.image_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_common_descriptions ON cscart_common_descriptions.object_id = cscart_images.image_id 
  AND cscart_common_descriptions.object_holder = 'images' 
  AND cscart_common_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru' 
WHERE 
  cscart_images_links.object_type = 'product' 
  AND cscart_images_links.type = 'M' 
  AND cscart_images_links.object_id IN (
    '317', '189', '501', '293', '78', '35', 
    '234', '331', '484', '287', '292', 
    '79'
  ) 
ORDER BY 
  cscart_images_links.position, 
  cscart_images_links.pair_id

Query time 0.00124

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "read_sorted_file": {
      "filesort": {
        "sort_key": "cscart_images_links.position, cscart_images_links.pair_id",
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_images_links",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["object_id"],
          "key": "object_id",
          "key_length": "81",
          "used_key_parts": ["object_id", "object_type", "type"],
          "rows": 12,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_images_links.object_type = 'product' and cscart_images_links.`type` = 'M' and cscart_images_links.object_id in ('317','189','501','293','78','35','234','331','484','287','292','79')"
        }
      }
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_images",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["image_id"],
      "ref": ["orbit_cscart_orbit_cscart.cscart_images_links.detailed_id"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_images_links.detailed_id = cscart_images.image_id)"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_common_descriptions",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "107",
      "used_key_parts": ["object_id", "lang_code", "object_holder"],
      "ref": ["orbit_cscart_orbit_cscart.cscart_images.image_id", "const", "const"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_common_descriptions.object_id = cscart_images.image_id and cscart_common_descriptions.object_holder = 'images' and cscart_common_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru' and trigcond(cscart_images.image_id is not null))"
    }
  }
}

Result

image_id image_path image_x image_y is_high_res pair_id object_id object_type detailed_id type position alt images_image_id
0 Идеал_со_скороваркой_ja2m-kf.jpg 685 720 N 3556 234 product 1766 M 0 1766
0 Слайд17.JPG 960 720 N 3653 317 product 1864 M 0 1864
0 OR_PRO.jpg 887 706 N 3682 293 product 1893 M 0 1893
0 Rayforce.jpg 887 706 N 3684 292 product 1895 M 0 1895
0 Slicesy1.jpg 887 706 N 3692 287 product 1903 M 0 1903
0 Слайд19.jpg 960 720 N 3701 189 product 1912 M 0 1912
0 Kartr.jpg 887 706 N 3712 35 product 1923 M 0 1923
0 basic_capsule1.jpg 804 918 N 3846 331 product 2057 M 0 2057
0 OR_AQUA1_txgv-b3__1_.jpg 500 350 N 4269 484 product 2412 M 0 2412
0 Сохраненное_изображение_2022-2-16_15-33-17.219_o3ok-zb.jpg 533 467 N 4366 501 product 24253 M 0 24253
0 B1.jpg 887 706 N 3665 78 product 1876 M 3 1876
0 Mokas.jpg 887 706 N 3675 79 product 1886 M 3 1886